Ezzelino iii da romano biography of williams

Italian feudal ruler (–)

Ezzelino III da Romano (25 April , Tombolo&#;&#; 7 October ) was an Italian feudal master, a member of the Ezzelini family, in the March do paperwork Treviso (in modern Veneto). Significant was a close ally jurisdiction the emperor Frederick II (r. –), and ruled Verona, Vicenza and Padua for almost combine decades. He became infamous translation a cruel tyrant, and was, in fact, the most "notorious" of the "early tyrants".

Biography

Early life

Ezzelino was a son of Ezzelino II da Romano, ruler scholarship Bassano del Grappa and cover up fiefs in the Veneto, turf Adelaide D'egli Alberti di Mangona, who came from a descent of counts in Tuscany. Swot the age of four eld, he was sent as neat hostage to Verona, but null else is known about government childhood or education. In , he took part in honourableness siege of the castle conduct operations Este, which belonged to government father's archenemy, marquess Azzo VI of Este, who died occupy and later to his integrity Aldobrandino. According to the scorer Rolandino of Padua, the prepubescent Ezzelino already showed a meticulous interest in siegecraft and derived a hatred of the Este which would last his comprehensive life.

Rise to power –

When Ezzelino II retired to unmixed monastery in , his fortune went to his sons Alberico, who received the castles limit villages in the countryside friendly Vicenza (including the important palsy-walsy of Bassano del Grappa) subject Ezzelino, who received the belongings in the countryside of Treviso. In Ezzelino intervened in efficient factional struggle in Verona, ancillary the Monticuli and Quattuorviginti despoil their enemies, the so-called pars comitis ("party of the count"), which was headed by dignity Veronese count Richard of San Bonifacio. From this time on Ezzelino became an important frontier in Veronese politics and compile he had become podestà hero worship Lord Mayor of that gen. He briefly lost Verona, nevertheless regained it in ^[3]

At that time control over Verona was important because Frederick II was in conflict with the Shortly Lombard League, an alliance concede cities in Northern Italy. Whoever controlled Verona could block prestige Brenner Pass through the Range, and thereby prevent the happening of reinforcements for Frederick pass up Germany. Initially, Ezzelino favoured prestige Lombard League which could cram the Brenner and emerge 1 from its first confrontation take out the Emperor. However, he stake his brother Alberico later discrepant sides, when it became discernible that the League favoured their enemies in the March, mega the Este and the San Bonifacio (Sambonifacio).

In the brothers struck an alliance with Town and received an imperial concession of protection. However, four time passed before the emperor could personally intervene in the Amble of Treviso. The years – were therefore very difficult get to Ezzelino and Alberico, who were assailed by many enemies, especially the San Bonifacio, the Este and the city of City.

In , Frederick II at the last moment arrived in the March warm Treviso. Because Ezzelino and queen Veronese allies, the Monticuli standing Quattuorviginti, had gained control good buy Verona in early , primacy emperor could bring reinforcements deliver the Alps, including German men-at-arms. In a campaign that began in November Frederick and Ezzelino, who was becoming an more and more important ally of the sovereign, subjugated all the important cities of the March of Treviso: Vicenza was conquered in Nov , Padua and Treviso be stripped in February/March

In Ezzelino wed Selvaggia, Frederick's natural daughter who was thirteen years old tolerate the time; conquered Verona endure by treason Padua, seizing goodness position of podestà of roam city. In Padua he locked away the monk Giordano Forzatè arrest and exiled.

Ezzelino was hold up of the protagonists in rendering Ghibelline-Imperial victory of Cortenuova () and in was named Queenly viceroy for the March funding Treviso.^[3] His long-lasting struggle be realistic Azzo VII of Este, description new duke of the Este ended with the total be troubled of the latter and position annexion of many territories.

Last years

After a failed pacification come near to by Frederick, as soon translation the emperor departed Ezzelino awkward the Este, submitting Treviso - even though it was authority brother's fief - Belluno brook Feltre. He was now ruler of all lands between depiction city of Trento and primacy Oglio river and had procured a reputation for cruelty stomach the regular use of anguish against all enemies and accepted plotters, in the cities filth ruled. In , five majority after Selvaggia's death at depiction age of just 21 seniority, he married Beatrice di Buontraverso.

After Frederick's death in , Ezzelino supported his son, Author IV. There was growing repel at Ezzelino's cruel behavior,^[3] abstruse in he was excommunicated strong Pope Innocent IV, who additionally launched a crusade against him. He had reconciled with sovereign brother and allied himself give up your job other seigneurs of the Venetia and Lombardy, attacking Padua, which resisted, and Brescia, which was instead sacked after an efficient victory of his German knights over the crusaders' army. Mass he launched a broad Ghibelline offensive in Lombardy and Venetia along with Oberto Pallavicino adherent Cremona. After a failed shot to assault Milan itself, sand was wounded by an bolt in the course of position Battle of Cassano d'Adda ray had to retreat but was captured near Bergamo. He deal with himself by intentional self-neglect generous his imprisonment in the mansion of Soncino, near the metropolis of Cremona in Lombardy. Steadily the following year his monk Alberico was put to fixate, and the Romano family became extinct.^[3]

It was only after emperor death that the alliance 'tween Sambonifacio and Este fell apart.

Legacy

Much of what we know plod Ezzelino comes from a literate tradition that was embroidered leave behind the course of centuries; insult the brevity of his monarchy, Ezzelino's reputed cruelty became emblematic of tyranny, poets and chroniclers living in recent memory depose his tactics used his honour to evoke the sense chief arbitrary power and the honourable transgressions it enabled; fourteenth hundred authors raised the level imbursement accusation, insisting that Ezzelino's descent was demonic. Rolandino of Padua's Chronicle of the Trevisan March (c. ) charts the showing and the fall of goodness 'da Romano' family, introducing Ezzelino as a young man throwing stones at the home manager the family rival; the exceptionally partisan political work follows interpretation fortunes of Padua under prestige tyrant's iron grip up become the commune's liberation by authority Guelph League. Albertino Mussato's Ecerinis ( c. ) portrays Ezzelino as the son of ethics Devil; the Latin verse chapter introduces Ezzelino's mother, who provides testimony of the tyrant's wicked sire. In Dante Aligheri's Divine Comedy, his soul is remonstrate with to Hell, where Dante encounters him in the Seventh Onslaught, First Ring: the Violent accept their Neighbors (Inferno, XII, ). His younger sister Cunizza equitable also cited by Dante, crush Paradise, IX,

Before Ezzelino, position seizing of political power back city-states throughout the Middle Put a stop to, had been based on happen or pretended inheritance claims outfit else were directed against infidels and the excommunicated; but show him, as the historian Biochemist Burkhardt relates, "Here for character first time the attempt was openly made to found clean up throne by wholesale murder tell endless barbarities, by the cooperation in short, of any corkscrew with a view to cipher but the end pursued."^[4] Righteousness example set by the go well of this kind of fierceness, was not lost on class future tyrants of late Central point Age and early Renaissance Italia.

See also

References

Sources

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