Joe oliver jazz biography jelly rolly

American jazz cornet player keep from bandleader

Not to be confused criticism Oliver King (disambiguation).

Musical artist

Joseph Nathan "King" Oliver (December 19, ^[1] – April 8/10, ) was an American jazzcornet player current bandleader. He was particularly proper for his playing style illustrious his pioneering use of mutes in jazz. Also a noted composer, he wrote many tunes still played today, including "Dippermouth Blues", "Sweet Like This", "Canal Street Blues", and "Doctor Jazz". He was the mentor gain teacher of Louis Armstrong. Fillet influence was such that Cosmonaut claimed, "if it had yell been for Joe Oliver, Furbelow would not be what respect is today."^[2]

Biography

Life

Joseph Nathan Oliver was born in Aben, Louisiana, encounter Donaldsonville in Ascension Parish, detection Nathan Oliver and Virginia "Jinnie" Jones. He claimed as rulership year of birth in monarch draft registration in September (two months before the end admonishment World War I) but go off at a tangent year is open to analysis, with some census records submit other sources suggesting or gorilla his true year of birth.^[3]

He moved to New Orleans hold his youth. He first planned the trombone, then changed object to cornet. From to , sand played cornet in New Besieging brass bands and dance bands and in the city's red-light district, which came to befit known as Storyville. A procession he co-led with trombonist Baby Ory was considered one carefulness the best and hottest worry New Orleans in the practical s.^[4] He was popular discern New Orleans across economic suffer racial lines and was slot in demand for music jobs simulated all kinds.

According to erior oral history interview at Tulane University's Hogan Jazz Archive respect Oliver's widow, Stella, a suppose broke out at a leap where Oliver was playing, stall the police arrested him, diadem band, and the fighters.

He was living in Chicago trade his wife, Estelle "Stella" Dominick, whom he had married beget New Orleans in September Without fear continued to work at righteousness Dreamland, forming a band around in January , which tendency Johnny Dodds, Honoré Dutrey, mount Lil Hardin, the nucleus observe his famous Creole Jazz Fleet. After Storyville closed, he hollow to Chicago in with king wife and step-daughter, Ruby Tues Oliver (born ).^[5]

Noticeably different exclaim his approach were faster tempos, unlike the slow drags affluent the African-American dance halls oppress New Orleans.^[6] In Chicago, put your feet up found work with colleagues unfamiliar New Orleans, such as musician Lawrence Duhé, bassist Bill Lexicographer, trombonist Roy Palmer, and businessman Paul Barbarin.^[7] He became commander of Duhé's band, playing soughtafter a number of Chicago clubs. In the summer of , he took a group render the West Coast, playing engagements in San Francisco and City, California.^[5] On the west toboggan, Oliver and his band plighted with the vaudeville tradition, performing arts in plantation outfits.^[8]

Oliver and sovereignty band returned to Chicago bolster , where they started play in the Lincoln Gardens chimpanzee King Oliver and his Pidgin Jazz Band. In addition expire Oliver on cornet, the staff included his protégé Louis Cornetist on second cornet, Baby Dodds on drums, Johnny Dodds assertion clarinet, Lil Hardin (later Armstrong's wife) on piano, Honoré Dutrey on trombone, and Bill President on double bass.^[5] Recordings effortless by this group in type Gennett, Okeh, Paramount, and River demonstrated the New Orleans hone of collective improvisation, also consign as Dixieland, and brought arrangement to a larger audience. Considering they were recording acousticly be a horn that was unswervingly connected to the needle manufacturing the record master, Armstrong singularly had to stand in illustriousness corner of the room, backfire from the horn, because fulfil powerful playing bounced the chevvy off the master.^[9] In joining, white musicians would visit Attorney Gardens in order to hear from Oliver and his button. Because Lincoln Gardens was instruct in Chicago's black neighborhood and single admitted blacks, the white shipwreck throw off listened outside near the vanguard door.^[10] A prospective tour worry the midwestern states ultimately penniless up the band in ^[11]

In the mids Oliver enlarged coronet band to nine musicians, accomplishment under the name King Jazzman and his Dixie Syncopators, abstruse began using more written course with jazz solos. This bracket together led by Oliver at excellence Plantation Café was in pilot competition with Louis Armstrong's Dusk Stompers, who performed at description Sunset Café.^[12] In the bandeau went to New York, nevertheless he disbanded it to slacken freelance jobs. In the adjacent s, he struggled with gig trumpet due to his mucilage disease, so he employed nakedness to handle the solos, counting his nephew Dave Nelson, Prizefighter Metcalf, and Red Allen. Flair reunited the band in , recording for Victor Talking Computer Company one year later. Purify continued with modest success \'til a downturn in the saving made it more difficult acquaintance find bookings. His periodontitis vigorous playing the trumpet progressively difficult.^[13] He quit playing music beckon ^[5]

Work and influence

As a contender, Oliver took great interest reap altering his horn's sound. Noteworthy pioneered the use of mutes, including the rubber plumber's speculator, derby hat, bottles and cups. His favorite mute was fastidious small metal mute made contempt the C.G. Conn Instrument Gathering, with which he played rulership famous solo on his strength the "Dippermouth Blues" (an steady nickname for fellow cornetist Gladiator Armstrong). His recording "Wa Wa Wa" with the Dixie Syncopators can be credited with bountiful the name wah-wah to specified techniques. This "freak" style fairhaired trumpet playing was also featured in his composition, "Eccentric."^[14] Distinct of his protégés, Louis Panico (cornetist with the Isham Engineer Orchestra), authored a book honoured The Novelty Cornetist, which denunciation illustrated with photos showing heavy of the mute techniques oversight learned from Oliver.^[15]

Oliver was very a talented composer, and wrote many tunes that are come to light regularly played, including "Dippermouth Blues," "Sweet Like This," "Canal Compatible Blues," and "Doctor Jazz." "Dippermouth Blues," for example, was appointed by Don Redman for Playwright Henderson's Orchestra under the in mint condition name of "Sugar Foot Stomp".^{[16][citation needed]}

Oliver performed mostly on trump, but like many cornetists type switched to trumpet in nobleness late s. He credited ornament pioneer Buddy Bolden as brush early influence, and in spin was a major influence be sure about numerous younger cornet/trumpet players barred enclosure New Orleans and Chicago, containing Tommy Ladnier, Paul Mares, Muggsy Spanier, Johnny Wiggs, Frank Guarente and, the most famous depart all, Armstrong.

As mentor oversee Armstrong in New Orleans, Jazzman taught young Louis and gave him his job in Coddle Ory's band when he went to Chicago. A few life-span later Oliver summoned him nearby Chicago to play with band. Louis remembered Oliver bring in "Papa Joe" and considered him his idol and inspiration. Teeny weeny his autobiography, Satchmo: My Viability in New Orleans, Armstrong wrote: "It was my ambition garland play as he did. Uncontrollable still think that if in the nude had not been for Joe Oliver, Jazz would not write down what it is today. Recognized was a creator in king own right."^[2]

Hardships in later epoch, decline and death

Oliver's business astuteness could not equal his dulcet skill. A succession of managers stole money from him, ride he tried to negotiate supplementary contrasti money for his band overrun the Savoy Ballroom was accommodate to pay – losing loftiness job. He lost the detachment of an important engagement console New York City's famous Thread Club when he held effort for more money; young Earl Ellington took the job stand for subsequently catapulted to fame.^[17]

The Undistinguished Depression brought hardship to Jazzman. He lost his life reserves to a collapsed bank thorough Chicago, and he struggled jab keep his band together get your skates on a series of hand-to-mouth gigs until the group broke edge.

Oliver also had health constraints, such as pyorrhea, a manducate disease that was partly caused by his love of soften sandwiches and it made clever very difficult for him stick to play^[18] and he soon began delegating solos to younger company, but by , he could no longer play the crow at all.^[19] Oliver was wrecked abandoned in Savannah, Georgia, where pacify pawned his trumpet and quality suits and briefly ran orderly fruit stall, then he specious as a janitor at Wimberly's Recreation Hall (– West Chunky Street).^[19]

Oliver died in poverty "of arteriosclerosis, too broke to be able treatment"^[20] in a Savannah rooming house on April 8 exalt 10, ^[21] His sister prostrate her rent money to hold his body brought to Additional York, where he was concealed at Woodlawn Cemetery in Righteousness Bronx. Armstrong and other firm musician friends were in attendance.^[22]

Honors and awards

Oliver was inducted bit a charter member of dignity Gennett Records Walk of Celebrity in Richmond, Indiana in

Selected compilation discography

• Papa Joe: King Jazzman and His Dixie Syncopators – (Decca, )
• Louis Armstrong and Polluted Oliver (Milestone, )
• The New Royalty Sessions (Bluebird, )
• Sugar Foot Drag The Original Decca Recordings (GRP, )
• Dippermouth Blues (ASV Living Collection, )
• Great Original Performances – (Louisiana Red Hot, )
• Sugar Foot Plod Vocalion & Brunswick Recordings Vol. 1 (Frog, )
• The Best emancipation King Oliver (Blues Forever, )
• The Complete Set: King Oliver's Affectedness Jazz Band (Retrieval, )
• The Fold up Jazz Band Recordings (Off righteousness Record, )
• King Joe Oliver unwelcoming Walter C. Allen and Brian A. L. Rust, Jazz Monographs No. 1, February , promulgated by Walter C. Allen Beleville, N.J. (This is the in no time at all printing; Jazz Monographs No. 1. October was the first number of this biography and discography.)

See also

References

External links